As residential real estate prices have soared, so has homeowners’ equity, and homesteads now contain a near-record amount of tappable cash. However, it isn’t always a good idea to borrow against your home equity, even if you have sound uses for the funds. The reasons range from the timely (the relatively high interest rate environment) to the eternal (the risks of hocking your house for cash); from current economic forces (the rising odds of a recession) to individual finances (the dangers of a debt overload).
Here’s what to consider when deciding whether to borrow against the value of your house — and why you may or may not want to.
What is home equity?
Home equity is simply the portion of your property you’ve paid off — the amount or percentage you own outright. It’s the difference between your home’s appraised value and your outstanding mortgage loan balance. Put another way, it’s the sum you would pocket in a home sale after paying off what you owe to your lender (not counting closing costs). However, this equity is technically only a “paper” gain until you either sell or borrow against it.
According to the Federal Reserve, American homeowners collectively possess nearly $36 trillion in home equity as of the second quarter of 2025. Individually, the average mortgage-holding homeowner has an equity stake worth around $307,000, according to property-data analyst Cotality.
How do you tap into home equity?
There are three primary ways to tap the equity stake you’ve accrued: a cash-out refinance of your mortgage, a home equity line of credit (HELOC) or a home equity loan.
1.) Cash-out refinance
Best for: Borrowers who want a lump sum and a new mortgage with different terms
With a cash-out refinance, you take out a new and bigger mortgage to replace your existing one. The difference between the two loan amounts is the cash you’ll pocket at closing, which equates to some of the equity you’ve accrued in your property (your lender may require you to keep at least 20 percent equity in your home). Your new loan’s outstanding principal will be higher than that of the loan it is replacing, but you can opt for a shorter or longer term.
“For example, if you owe $100,000 on a home that’s worth $200,000, you can take out a new mortgage for $150,000 and take the remaining $50,000 of equity as cash,” says Rick Sharga, president and CEO of CJ Patrick Company, an Orange County, Calif.-based market intelligence firm. “But it’s important to realize that this will increase your debt, from $100,000 to $150,000 in this example, and will generally result in you paying more interest over time.”
You’ll also have to pay closing costs, as you would with most refinances.
2.) HELOC
Best for: Borrowers who want to withdraw funds as needed or don’t know how much they’ll need upfront
A HELOC works as an adjustable-rate revolving line of credit. It’s somewhat like using a credit card — only, instead of your debt being unsecured (as it is with plastic), you’ll be required to put your home up as collateral. As with a credit card, you borrow what you need whenever you like (within a finite draw period), repay what you owe, and borrow again if you choose.
Your HELOC’s credit limit will be based on your available home equity; you can typically borrow up to 80 or 85 percent of your home’s value (excluding your unpaid mortgage balance). During the draw period — often the first 10 years — you’ll be required to pay monthly interest on any amount you borrow, but your funds will be replenished as you repay the principal. During the repayment period, funds are no longer accessible and you’ll be obligated to repay the principal and interest over 10 to 20 years, on average.
A HELOC has a variable interest rate that changes as the prime rate shifts — often, from month to month — so your overall balance and monthly payments will fluctuate too.
3.) Home equity loan
Best for: Borrowers who are happy with their current mortgage terms but want a lump sum and fixed repayments
A type of second mortgage, a home equity loan is taken out against the equity in your home. As with the HELOC, your home becomes collateral for the debt (meaning you could lose it if you don’t repay the loan); unlike the HELOC, you borrow a set amount, which is paid out in a lump sum at closing.
“Using the previous homeowner example [owing $100,000 on a home that’s worth $200,000], they could borrow $50,000 against the equity in their home and begin making monthly payments on the second loan in addition to their primary mortgage loan’s monthly payment,” Sharga says. Terms vary, but home equity loans can be repaid over as long as 30 years.
“A homeowner with a very good interest rate on their current mortgage loan might consider this option rather than a cash-out refinance, as the latter could charge a higher interest rate,” Sharga continues. Lenders often charge lower interest rates for home equity loans than on personal loans and credit cards. “But second mortgages tend to have higher interest rates than primary mortgages, so borrowers should factor this in before using this option,” he adds.
Reasons not to use your home equity;
Just because you can tap your home equity with any of the methods above doesn’t mean you should — even if you intend to use the money wisely, such as toward a home improvement project that will increase your property’s resale value. Some of the reasons have to do with the current economic climate, and some are more evergreen and individual, relating to personal finances.
Interest rates remain relatively high
As Bankrate forecasted at the beginning of the year, home equity rates have declined in 2025 — and in October, they reached their lowest point since 2023. However, average rates are still hovering above 8 percent, so they remain significantly higher than they were just a few years ago.
“The future direction of interest rates, and the economy, is highly uncertain,” says Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst and Washington bureau chief for Bankrate. “One should make borrowing judgments on what they’re currently seeing instead of trying to time the market based on a guess.”
And while current home equity rates are much better than the double-digit rates of credit cards or personal loans, don’t confuse “better” with “great.” Charging 8 or 9 percent in interest is hardly giving the loan away. In the grand scheme of things, home equity loan and HELOCs are still pricey debt.
You can fall deeply into debt
A home equity loan will add to your total debt, possibly making it more challenging to afford repayment of all of your unpaid balances in the months and years ahead. “Tapping into equity increases your overall debt and what you will owe your lender — both in principal and interest — over time. So it’s important to weigh short-term benefits versus long-term costs,” notes Sharga.
HELOCs in particular can be a trap. “Many homeowners find it difficult to stay disciplined in paying down the principal on their line of credit,” says Seth Bellas, a home loan specialist for Churchill Mortgage. During the initial draw period, “most HELOCs only require you to pay down the interest every month, similar to how a credit card has a minimum payment,” Ballas adds. “By the time the full repayment is due, you will have not only your principal to pay back, but also interest on that principal, making it a pretty steep hill to climb if you aren’t in a great financial position.”
A high degree of uncertainty continues to characterize the current economic environment, Hamrick notes. If the economy stumbles or a negative event emerges in the months ahead, job loss and interrupted incomes could cause difficulty for many individuals and households. “Given the high rates of interest that prevail, taking on more debt could be a less-than-optimal decision for some,” he says.
The housing market and home values are unpredictable
The housing market has had a solid upward trajectory over the past years, which is why you might be considering a home equity loan in the first place. If your home’s value keeps increasing regularly, you’re in good shape, right? But there’s no guarantee that home prices will continue climbing.
And even if the national housing market looks resilient, remember that real estate is extremely local. For example, data from Cotality shows that, while Connecticut homeowners gained an average of $37,400 in equity over the past year, those in Washington, D.C., lost an average of $34,400.
“The risk of taking equity out of your home gets especially keen if your local market prices are moving downwards,” says Sharga. “You might ultimately find yourself owing more than your home is worth.” Being in such a state of negative equity is rare — 2 percent of all mortgaged homes were upside down in Q2 2025, according to Cotality. Still, it can happen if there’s a sharp, prolonged drop in local real estate prices and you’re carrying a substantial amount of debt.
You’re putting your home on the line
With home loan products, the debt is secured by your home. That also makes the risk greater if you miss payments. Defaulting or being delinquent on unsecured debt (like credit cards or personal loans) is unpleasant and damages your credit score, but you won’t lose your property. But with home equity lending, you’re essentially adding another mortgage to your home, which is probably the biggest single asset you have.
Think carefully about why you want the money and whether its worth borrowing for. While using your home equity for a vacation or snazzy new car might be tempting, it’s a significant risk for a fleeting reward. Other uses arguably have more merit, but consider alternatives before tapping home equity.
Ask yourself: Is it worth possibly losing your home to foreclosure in the event market conditions worsen or your personal financial situation deteriorates? And consider that when you liquidate equity, you dilute your homeownership stake. That makes your property a less valuable asset and decreases your overall net worth.
"Tapping into equity increases your overall debt and what you will owe your lender — both in principal and interest — over time. So it’s important to weigh short-term benefits versus long-term costs." — Rick Sharga, CEO at CJ Patrick Company Source
